Assessment and characterization of postharvest handling techniques in the value chain of Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense [L.] Merr. & L.M. Perry) in the Mount Cameroon region

Abstract

The study examined the problem of excessive postharvest losses (PHLs) of Malay apples due to inadequate postharvest handling, which is hindering the growing demand for the fruit. The study surveyed 160 growers and 40 traders using semi-structured questionnaires to assess postharvest handling practices and propose storage techniques in the Mount Cameroon Region. Data were obtained via face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, the effects of control (no application), hot water dip, 1-MCP, and Aloe vera gel treatments on the quality of Malay apples stored at room temperature for 24 days were examined using a completely randomised design. Chi-square results showed a significant (p< 0.05) association between sociodemographic factors [gender (χ2 = 25.004, p = 0.050), educational level (χ2 = 63.797, p = 0.034), and farming experience (χ2 = 48.87, p = 0.047)] and PHLs. Results showed that inadequate postharvest handling was leading to excessive PHLs, and appropriate postharvest techniques were necessary to maintain the fruit's quality and reduce losses. Significant differences were observed among harvesting, transportation and storage methods, packaging materials, and marketing methods, with harvest and storage showing higher PHLs of 40% and 35%, respectively. The study also found that 1-MCP and Aloe vera were effective in extending the storage life of Malay apples while maintaining quality. The study concluded that growers and traders should adopt proper postharvest techniques in their operations, including handpicking, and application of 1-MCP or Aloe vera gel coating to reduce PHLs and maintain fruit quality for 12 days. Overall, the study highlights the importance of better postharvest handling practices and storage techniques to reduce postharvest losses and improve the supply chain's efficiency. Future research could explore the applicability of these findings on other fruits and geographical locations, and investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of these treatments.