Assessing Visitor Expectations of AI Nursing Robots in Hospital Settings: Cross-Sectional Study Using the Kano Model.

Abstract

Globally, the rates at which the aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases are increasing are substantial. With declining birth rates and a growing percentage of older individuals, the demand for nursing staff is steadily rising. However, the shortage of nursing personnel has been a long-standing issue. In recent years, numerous researchers have advocated for the implementation of nursing robots as a substitute for traditional human labor. This study analyzes hospital visitors' attitudes and priorities regarding the functional areas of artificial intelligence (AI) nursing robots based on the Kano model. Building on this analysis, recommendations are provided for the functional optimization of AI nursing robots, aiming to facilitate their adoption in the nursing field. Using a random sampling method, 457 hospital visitors were surveyed between December 2023 and March 2024 to compare the differences in demand for AI nursing robot functionalities among the visitors. A comparative analysis of the Kano attribute quadrant diagrams showed that visitors seeking hospitalization prioritized functional aspects that enhance medical activities. In contrast, visitors attending outpatient examinations focused more on functional points that assist in medical treatment. Additionally, visitors whose purpose was companionship and care emphasized functional aspects that offer psychological and life support to patients. AI nursing robots serve various functional areas and cater to diverse audience groups. In the future, it is essential to thoroughly consider users' functional needs and implement targeted functional developments to maximize the effectiveness of AI nursing robots.