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Abstract
Wastewater reuse has become an integral part of Integrated Water Resources Management and thus plays a role in securing the water needs for future generations. This study aimed at determining the perceptions of Canaanland, an emerging urban community in Ogun State, Nigeria, on treated wastewater reuse for several purposes. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to the city residents (n = 244). Findings revealed that the city was aware of the economic and environmental benefits of wastewater reuse but would prefer reuse schemes that involved less human contact such as flushing toilets, electricity generation, building construction, and car wash. The least preferred option was for potable purposes. The community also revealed that they would be willing to accept wastewater reuse as long as it is endorsed by medical doctors, university professors, and experts. However, 45.5% of the respondents were from the Covenant University academic environment. Also, an assessment was carried out to ascertain the implications and opportunities for wastewater reuse in the city. Findings indicated that wastewater reuse involves several complexities and interlinkages, which revolve around political and decisional factors, economic and social factors, environmental factors, and technological factors. From the study, policy and decisional suggestions and a wastewater process flow were developed for more efficient wastewater management within developing cities. A study was carried out on eight cities from developing nations that have created a framework for wastewater management using several approaches. Also, a summary of findings reveals that if adequately researched, cheap and alternative means of wastewater treatment and reuse could be developed for electricity generation, carwash, and firefighting for developing nations. The result of this research can be used to address public anxieties regarding wastewater-reuse practices. Additionally, this study hopes to aid successful wastewater management schemes in the foreseeable future.
Highlights
Access to clean water and sanitation are some of the enduring challenges faced by humanity
The knowledge of the population on wastewater recycling revealed that 120 (49.2%) the respondents had little knowledge about wastewater recycling and reuse. 78 (32%) respondents had a sufficient understanding of wastewater recycling and reuse, while 29 (11.9%) had no idea at all. 7% of the respondents were highly knowledgeable about the subject of wastewater recycling and reuse
The findings revealed that (i) the hypothesis “education will significantly influence the degree of acceptability of the proposed reuse projects in the Canaanland region” is accepted as findings revealed a similarity in the decisions of the respondents on treated wastewater reuse (WWR) for several applications (ii) the hypothesis of “knowledge of the community on global water shortages will be significantly higher” was rejected given that 64% of the respondents had little knowledge or no idea at all on global water shortages. (iii) the hypothesis on “non-contact reuse projects will be mostly accepted in the Canaanland community” can be accepted as findings indicated the willingness of the respondents to accept treated WWR projects that involved little or no contact
Summary
Access to clean water and sanitation are some of the enduring challenges faced by humanity. Rural areas are said to be more prone to sanitation-related illnesses as women and children are reported to spend most of their productive hours daily fetching water from potentially hazardous sources (Omole and Ndambuki, 2014; UN-Women, 2020) Poor access to both water and sanitation impacts on quality of life (Sgroi et al, 2018). As a result of rapid urbanization, population growth, climate change, desertification, and the uneven distribution of water resources in some parts of the world, water demand has increasingly outgrown its supply. These values represent 14% and 58% of the population in their respective years (Kummu et al, 2016)
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