Abstract
In this work, Azolla filiculoides was used for the bioremediation of a textile effluent and as a potential sorbent for the rejection of Congo red (CR9) dye from a synthetic aqueous solution. The sorbent was characterized, and a pot culture test was carried out to assess the physiological responses in a controlled environment. The response of the plants to the exposure to the emanating pollutants was subordinate. The BOD, COD, and TDS removals were found to be 98.2%, 98.23%, and 90.29%, respectively. Moreover, the dried biomass was studied for the expulsion of CR9, and the process variables were optimized. The maximum CR9 removal was 95% at the optimal conditions of 2 g/L of the sorbent dose at acidic pH. Equilibrium data for adsorption were analyzed using a two-parameter isotherm model. It was observed that the Langmuir isotherm fit with the data (R2 = 0.98) and also had satisfactory lower error values, with its maximum sorption capacity reaching 243 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetics were well fitted (R2 = 0.98). The mass transfer models and the thermodynamic parameters of the system were evaluated. The regeneration studies also showed that the uptake efficacy in the fifth cycle is reduced by 20% when compared with the first cycle. The results show that the biomass was a capable sorbent for the removal of CR9.
Highlights
IntroductionThe rapid growth of industrialization has led to the disposal of various types of organic and inorganic pollutants into water bodies
The results demonstrate that the optimum pH was acidic
The optimum conditions such adsorption efficacy of Azolla as a potential biosorbent for thefor treatment of CR9 were found to be 200 mg/L for the initial dye concentration with 2 g/L of the biosorbent dye was investigated in a batch system
Summary
The rapid growth of industrialization has led to the disposal of various types of organic and inorganic pollutants into water bodies. Dyes have been used in industrial and commercial applications for coloring products such as foodstuffs, cosmetics, fabrics, pharmaceuticals, and tannery products [1]. These recalcitrant dyes cause a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems, and the adverse environmental impact of textile effluents has drawn significant attention from researchers [2]. The textile and dyeing industries are considered to be a major source of pollution, since the effluent they produce is characterized by excessive quantities of BOD and COD. There is an extensive use of synthetic dyes in the current scenario, but it is the pollutants that raise concerns due to their impact on the environment and their toxic effect on living things. Textile effluents are highly complex, Sustainability 2021, 13, 9588.
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