Abstract
A variety of secondary metabolites are formed and compounds released during the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by white-rot fungi that can affect the nutritional value and acceptance of the biomass by ruminants. Changes in pH, ergosterol content, fibre and metabolites composition of wheat straw (WS) incubated with either Ceriporiopsis subvermispora or Lentinula edodes for up to 8 weeks were investigated. With increases in mycelium content, significant decreases in absolute amount of hemicellulose, acid detergent lignin and, to a lesser extent, cellulose were observed in both fungal treatments. Acidification mainly occurred within the first four weeks of incubation, coinciding with the largest changes in metabolites profile. Diverse compounds, including organic acids and soluble sugars increased or decreased with C. subvermispora and L. edodes treatment. None of the thirty-four common mycotoxins analyzed were detected in WS after 8 weeks of fungal incubation. These results provide important information for application of fungal treated WS that might affect animal acceptance and performance.
Highlights
White-rot fungi are considered the most effective microbiota to decay highly lignified biomass and have been employed to increase the availability of structural polysaccharides for other microbiota, such as those in the rumen (Van Kuijk et al, 2015)
Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes belong to the latter group and have been shown to be the most effective white-rot fungi to increase the fermentability of wheat straw (WS) by rumen microbes (Tuyen et al, 2012; Mao et al, 2018, 2020)
As in previous experiments (Nayan et al, 2018; Mao et al, 2018), the strategy of C. subvermispora seems to be a quick colonization of the substrate, and once present in most parts, continuous to produce acids to degrade lignocellulose, i.e. degrade lignocellulose, without forming more biomass
Summary
White-rot fungi are considered the most effective microbiota to decay highly lignified biomass and have been employed to increase the availability of structural polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) for other microbiota, such as those in the rumen (Van Kuijk et al, 2015). These fungi produce a mixture of peroxidase and auxiliary enzymes that break C–C and ether linkages in lignocellulosic waste, increasing the availability of polysaccharides for several down steam processes (Dilokpimol et al, 2016). Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes belong to the latter group and have been shown to be the most effective white-rot fungi to increase the fermentability of wheat straw (WS) by rumen microbes (Tuyen et al, 2012; Mao et al, 2018, 2020)
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