Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter classifies the various countries, regions, and sectors into groups based on the positive and negative impact of climate change. Gains and losses at all levels of social organization, from local to international, may result directly from climate changes or from human responses to those changes. While there are several spokespersons for the extreme views, in all cases of changes (both relative and absolute), some will benefit, while others will be adversely affected. The currently identifiable relative advantages and disadvantages of different nations, sectors, and groups result from a combination of climatic factors (such as climate variability and the frequency and intensity of extreme meteorological events) and a wide range of unique (by country, region, sector, or group) economic, social, and political factors that must be taken into serious consideration in any analysis. The differences, attributable to climate factors such as recurrent droughts or floods, are likely to persist although the relative positions of those affected might change. If such differences become extreme, they can lead to population movements by the disadvantaged (i.e., generating environmental refugees) and to conflicts either within national borders or across them.
Published Version
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