Abstract
The rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) powerplants in the world has drawn attention on their climate and environmental impacts. In this study, we assessed the effects of PV powerplants on surface temperature using 23 largest PV powerplants in the world with thermal infrared remote sensing technique. Our result showed that the installation of the PV powerplants had significantly reduced the daily mean surface temperature by 0.53 °C in the PV powerplant areas. The cooling effect with the installation of the PV powerplants was much stronger during the daytime than the nighttime with the surface temperature dropped by 0.81 °C and 0.24 °C respectively. This cooling effect was also depended on the capacity of the powerplants with a cooling rate of −0.32, −0.48, and −0.14 °C/TWh, respectively, for daily mean, daytime, and nighttime temperature. We also found that the construction of the powerplants significantly decreased the surface albedo from 0.22 to 0.184, but significantly increased the effective albedo (surface albedo plus electricity conversion) from 0.22 to 0.244, suggesting conversion of solar energy to electrical energy is a major contributor to the observed surface cooling. Our further analyses showed that the nighttime cooling in the powerplants was significantly correlated with the latitude and elevation of the powerplants as well as the annual mean temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This means the temperature effect of the PV powerplants depended on regional geography, climate and vegetation conditions. This finding can be used to guide the selection of the sites of PV powerplants in the future.
Highlights
Solar power is the most abundantly available renewable energy source which has a great potential to substitute fossil-fuel and reduces green-house gas (GHG) emissions [1,2]
Few studies have focused on investigating the direct impact of the PV powerplants on climate, which is important for fully assessing the impacts of solar powerplants on climate and environment
We investigated if the local climate conditions, such as yearly air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure and wind speed, are related to the surface temperature effect of the PV powerplants (Table 2)
Summary
Solar power is the most abundantly available renewable energy source which has a great potential to substitute fossil-fuel and reduces green-house gas (GHG) emissions [1,2]. The large-scale installation of solar PV panels has a direct impact on local and possibly regional climate in addition to its indirect climate effect by reducing GHG [6,7]. The GHG reduction effects on solar powerplants has been well studied through life-cycle assessment (LCA) in the past decades [2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Few studies have focused on investigating the direct impact of the PV powerplants on climate, which is important for fully assessing the impacts of solar powerplants on climate and environment
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