Assessing the effectiveness of virtual reality to promote empathy for patients through a mixed-methods study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe the implementation and outcomes of EmpathyVR, an immersive experience using virtual reality (VR) to promote empathy for patients with physical limitations due to chronic diseases. MethodsFirst-year student pharmacists participated in a learning experience that incorporated VR and stiff gloves to simulate physical limitations associated with color-blindness and arthritis, respectively. Students completed pre- and post-intervention surveys that included the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale and measures of immersion, user enjoyment, perceived usefulness for learning, and adverse effects of the experience. A focus group was also conducted with 6 students to obtain additional feedback on the learning experience. ResultsOf the 132 students who were enrolled in the program, 131 completed the assigned tasks; 117 of these agreed to participate in the study, and their data were included in the analyses. There was a significant improvement in empathy scores in the cognitive domain from pre- to post-intervention. Post-intervention survey results also demonstrated a high degree of immersion in the experience, high levels of self-reported enjoyment, and high levels of perceived usefulness of the activity to support learning. There was a low to moderate incidence of minor self-reported adverse effects from the activity. Focus group feedback was also positive. One student stated, “… it really allowed you to think and put yourself in their shoes.” ConclusionImplementation of a VR-based learning activity into the first semester of the PharmD curriculum was successful and resulted in improved student empathy scores and a positive learning experience.