Assessing the effectiveness of Ecological Conservation Red Line for mitigating anthropogenic habitat degradation in river corridors

Abstract

The ecological conservation red line (ECRL) framework plays an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation practices in China. Following the implementation of ECRL, it is essential to systematically assess the effectiveness of this national policy in mitigating the negative impacts of human disturbances on habitat quality at the landscape and regional levels. Combined with remote sensing and ground survey data, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-off (InVEST) habitat quality model was used to evaluate the impact of six major anthropogenic activities, including built-up land, roads, mining land, crop land, water pollution, and grazing, on habitat degradation in two grassland river corridors (Kherlen River corridor and Wuerxun River corridor) in Northeastern China. Then, the effectiveness of different management scenarios was assessed based on the ECRL framework. The results indicated that over 80% of the habitat degradation was attributed to grazing activities, followed by water pollution. Built-up land, roads, mining land, and crop land played minor roles in causing habitat degradation. Comparing the implementation of ECRL management scenario with no ECRL management scenario, habitat degradation in the Kherlen River corridor reduced by 17.86%, and habitat quality improved by 11.11%. Similarly, in the Wuerxun River corridor, compared with the priority ECRL management scenario, habitat degradation reduced by 69.23%, and habitat quality improved by 2.38% in the implementation of ECRL management scenario. Moreover, an optimized ECRL management scenario, including grazing prohibition, grassland enclosure, and ecological restoration of river habitats, further improved the habitat quality of both river corridors, resulting in a 12.70% improvement for the Kherlen River corridor and a 3.57% improvement for the Wuerxun River corridor. Our work provides a quantitative framework for optimizing conservation and restoration measures for river corridors based on the ECRL.