Assessing Spatial Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities Associated with Surrounding Land Cover and Water Quality

Ihn-Sil Kwak,Dong-Kyun Kim,Kiyun Park,Hyunbin Jo

doi:10.3390/app9235162

Ihn-Sil Kwak, Dong-Kyun Kim + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235162

Copy DOI

Journal: Applied Sciences	Publication Date: Nov 28, 2019
Citations: 8	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chonnam National University

Abstract

The study aims to assess the spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in response to the surrounding environmental factors related to land use and water quality. A total of 124 sites were surveyed at the Seomjin River basin in May and September 2017, respectively. We evaluated the abundance and composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities based on nine subwatersheds. Subsequently, we compared the benthic information with the corresponding land use and water quality. To comprehensively explore the spatiotemporal distinction of benthic macroinvertebrate communities associated with those ambient conditions, we applied canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The CCA results explicitly accounted for 61% of the explanatory variability; the first axis (45.5%) was related to land-use factors, and the second axis (15.5%) was related to water quality. As a result, the groups of benthic communities were distinctly characterized in relation to these two factors. It was found that land-use information is primarily an efficient proxy of ambient water quality conditions to determine benthic macroinvertebrates, such as Asellus spp., Gammarus spp., and Simulium spp. in a stream ecosystem. We also found that specific benthic families or genera within the same groups (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera) are also differentiated from ambient water quality changes as a secondary component. In particular, the latter pattern appeared to be closely associated with the impact of summer rainfall on the benthic community changes. Our study sheds light upon projecting benthic community structure in response to changes of land use and water quality. Finally, we conclude that easily accessible information, such as land-use data, aids in effectively characterizing the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates, and thus enables us to rapidly assess stream health and integrity.

Highlights

Benthic species are one of the most diverse and abundant biota in fluvial ecosystems such as rivers and streams [1]
Our study aims to project the distributions of benthic macroinvertebrate communities associated with the surrounding land use/cover and water quality in Seomjin River, South Korea
We demonstrated how spatially benthic macroinvertebrate communities were closely related to surrounding environmental constraints such as the surrounding land use and ambient water quality

Summary

Introduction

Benthic species are one of the most diverse and abundant biota in fluvial ecosystems such as rivers and streams [1]. Recognizing a large portion of their importance in fluvial ecosystems, the ecological responses of those benthic species to ambient physicochemical conditions have been explored and described for the sake of biological assessments based on species sensitivity [2,3,4]. It has been thought that benthic macroinvertebrate communities generally play a pivotal role in facilitating energy flows and nutrient cycling within ecosystems [5,6]. The high sensitivity of species in their composition and assemblage to changes of ambient habitat conditions allows benthic macroinvertebrates to be used for assessing the stream health and integrity of fluvial ecosystems [8,9]. The role of benthic invertebrates has been gradually emphasized as bioindicators [12]

Methods

Results

Conclusion