Assessing new microalgae species as potential feed for bivalve spat in nursery culture

Abstract

ABSTRACT Microalgae remains a primary food source for hatchery and nursery culture of juvenile bivalves. However, there is a mismatch between the characteristics of the microalgae currently used in nursery culture and the feeding abilities and nutritional requirements of juveniles of some bivalve species, such as the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus. Therefore, there is a need to identify new species of microalgae for this purpose that have favourable cell size, good growth performance under culture conditions and appropriate nutritional content for juvenile bivalves by using these characteristics as primary selection criteria. In this study, the growth performance under standard culture conditions of four microalgae species (Chrysochromulina camella, Gymnodinium simplex, Pyramimonas parkeae and Stephanodiscus niagarae) which are of a sufficiently large cell size to meet the needs of juvenile mussels (i.e. 10–20 µm size range) were tested in comparison to three commonly cultured commercial species (Chaetoceros muelleri, Diacronema lutheri and Tisochrysis lutea). Results show that G. simplex, S. niagarae and the two strains of P. parkeae (P. parkeae (C) and P. parkeae (I)) can achieve similar biomass as the reference species in the intermediate (1 L) culture stages despite the large difference in cell densities. The poor growth of C. camella in F/2 media indicates a necessity of determining its appropriate culture conditions before further assessing its suitability as a nursery feed for juvenile bivalves. The proximate analysis of S. niagarae, G. simplex and P. parkeae (I) reveals nutritional profiles conducive to spat development. However, the P. parkeae (C) strain contained low carbohydrate content, suggesting inferior nutritional value compared to the P. parkeae (I) strain, showing that variants of the same species can have different biochemical composition and suggesting the former might have limited suitability for feeding in nursery culture. The findings indicate that G. simplex, S. niagarae and P. parkeae (C) hold sufficient promise as spat feed in nursery culture to warrant further testing to confirm their efficacy as live microalgal feed for bivalve spat.