Abstract
In this research, land cover changes between 2000 to 2017 were studied in Karbala city (Iraq) using geographic information system techniques and remote sensing data. Satellite imagery data -Landsat7 (2000) and Landsat 8 (2017) - were processed using the supervised maximum likelihood algorithm, and the post-classification comparison method in QGIS 2.14. Four land cover categories, namely, built-up, vegetation, water, and soil have been specified to produce land cover maps for each acquisition date. The overall accuracies were 99.99% (2000), and 99.98% (2017) with Kappa statistics of 0.99, and 0.99. The evaluation of land cover changes shows that built-up, vegetation and soil have been increased by 1.9% (93.5 km2), 0.4% (20.8 km2) and 4.4% (221.3 km2) while water land has a shrink by 6.7% (335.6 km2) respectively. These changes conclude a serious threat to water land which it effects on population growth, human activities and agricultural activities in the study area.
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