Abstract
Background: Event related potential (ERP) components, such as P3, N2, and FRN, are potential metrics for assessing feedback response as a form of performance monitoring. Most research studies investigate these ERP components using clinical or research-grade electroencephalography (EEG) systems. Wearable EEGs, which are an affordable alternative, have the potential to assess feedback response using ERPs but have not been sufficiently evaluated. Feedback-related ERPs also have not been scientifically evaluated in interactive settings that are similar to daily computer use. In this study, a consumer-grade wearable EEG system was assessed for its feasibility to collect feedback-related ERPs through an interactive software module that provided an environment in which users were permitted to navigate freely within the program to make decisions.Methods: The recording hardware, which costs < $1,500 in total, incorporated the OpenBCI Cyton Board with Daisy chain, a consumer-grade EEG system that costs $949 USD. Seventeen participants interacted with an oddball paradigm and an interactive module designed to elicit feedback-related ERPs. The features of interests for the oddball paradigm were the P3 and N2 components. The features of interests for the interactive module were the P3, N2, and FRN components elicited in response to positive, neutral, and two types of negative feedback. The FRN was calculated by subtracting the positive feedback response from the negative feedback responses.Results: The P3 and N2 components of the oddball paradigm indicated statistically significant differences between infrequent targets and frequent targets which is in line with current literature. The P3 and N2 components elicited in the interactive module indicated statistically significant differences between positive, neutral, and negative feedback responses. There were no significant differences between the FRN types and significant interactions with channel group and FRN type.Conclusion: The OpenBCI Cyton, after some modifications, shows potential for eliciting and assessing P3, N2, and FRN components, which are important indicators for performance monitoring, in an interactive setting.
Highlights
The development of smaller and power efficient electronics over the last few decades has facilitated the growth of lower cost, space-efficient, wearable versions of common medical devices
The consumer demand for better wearable devices and more interesting metrics subsequently drove the development of low-cost, wearable neural systems that use electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive, highly temporal, imaging technique that monitors electrical activity of the brain through electrodes that are placed on the scalp (Mak and Wolpaw, 2009; van Gerven et al, 2009; McFarland and Wolpaw, 2011; Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gil, 2012; Daly and Huggins, 2015; Lee, 2016)
We investigated the P3, N2, and the feedback-related negativity (FRN) components because these components are relatively large in comparison to other components
Summary
The development of smaller and power efficient electronics over the last few decades has facilitated the growth of lower cost, space-efficient, wearable versions of common medical devices. The consumer demand for better wearable devices and more interesting metrics subsequently drove the development of low-cost, wearable neural systems that use electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive, highly temporal, imaging technique that monitors electrical activity of the brain through electrodes that are placed on the scalp (Mak and Wolpaw, 2009; van Gerven et al, 2009; McFarland and Wolpaw, 2011; Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gil, 2012; Daly and Huggins, 2015; Lee, 2016). Event related potential (ERP) components, such as P3, N2, and FRN, are potential metrics for assessing feedback response as a form of performance monitoring. A consumer-grade wearable EEG system was assessed for its feasibility to collect feedback-related ERPs through an interactive software module that provided an environment in which users were permitted to navigate freely within the program to make decisions
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
