Assessing Cassava Flour Consumption Impact on Iodine Nutritional Status in Schoolchildren from Public Schools in Brazil.

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important food source in many developing countries. This root contains cyanoglucosides, which can aggravate iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). To analyze the impact of cassava flour consumption (CFC) on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among schoolchildren from public schools in Bahia, Brazil. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 1231 schoolchildren (ages 6-14years old). Anthropometric parameters, household food insecurity, UIC, and CFC were evaluated. CFC prevalence was 90.8%. The mean UIC indicated adequate iodine nutrition in group A (CFC positive) and group B (CFC negative) (203.29 ± 81.08μg/L versus 225.98 ± 76.59μg/L, respectively). We found that daily cassava flour intake did not significantly raise the risk of iodine deficiency (ID) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43 [confidence interval (CI) 0.72-2.82]; p = 0.29), nor did it significantly protect against excessive iodine intake (EII) (OR = 0.70[CI 0.39-1.26]; p = 0.24). The prevalence of iodine deficiency (ID) (12.6% versus 8.9%) and EII (9.6% versus 15%) did not significantly differ between both groups. The results of this study suggest that the cyanides present in cassava flour have very little influence on iodine metabolism, which is probably justified by cassava processing methods.