Abstract
Codling moth (Cydia pomonella [L.]) is the most serious pest of apple worldwide. Its control still relies largely on insecticide applications. To deal with this situation, it becomes essential to design eco-friendly control systems to minimize chemical treatments. In this context, the effect of spraying of fructose (100 ppm), glucose (100 ppm) and insecticide (Deltamethrin), on the Golden Delicious variety against C. pomonella larval damages, was studied in an orchard located in Batna province (Algeria). The results of this study showed that codling moth own four generations in the study area. It is a very important pest with about 59.19 ± 1.15 % of damaged fruits at harvest. The spraying of glucose alone, fructose alone and the chemical insecticide alone causes a significant increase in the percentages of healthy fruit at harvest compared to the untreated control. The use of fructose and glucose has significantly reduced the percentage of damaged fruits at harvest followed by the spraying of the insecticide which produces the lowest percentage. The Abbott’s efficacy of glucose treatments was 23.75 ± 2.6 % compared to the insecticide 37.6 ± 2.55 %; and fructose 15.54 ± 3.01 %. The use of sugars is a completely innovative way in the field of plant protection. These first results demonstrate a promising alternative to conventional programs.
Highlights
2 MATERIAL AND METHODSThe economic impact of C. pomonella (L., 1758). (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae) on apple trees is continuously increasing
The spraying of glucose alone, fructose alone and the insecticide induced a significant increase in the percentages of healthy fruit at harvest compared to the untreated control
Damaged at harvest compared to the control, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test (p < 0.05) revealed three groups, control (59.19 %, group a), glucose and fructose 44.96 % and 49.70 % respectively, followed by the spraying of the insecticide which produces the lowest percentage of 36.80 %, (Table 3)
Summary
The economic impact of C. pomonella (L., 1758). (Lepidoptera; Tortricidae) on apple trees is continuously increasing. Water-soluble metabolites (sugars and sugar-alcohols) have been already identified from surfaces of apple tree organs that they influence plant site acceptance after alighting and stimulate C. pomonella egg-laying (Derridj et al, 1999). The concept of exogenous application of sugars every 20 days on apple trees, to modify the egg-laying of C. pomonella to reduce the damage it causes, was tested in commercial orchards of several countries (in France, in Italy, in Greece and in Algeria) and over several years it showed an Abbott efficiency of 40 to 59 % (Derridj et al, 2011). The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the efficacy of sugars in reducing the damages caused by the codling moth
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