Abstract
The events which provide the backdrop to the “Case concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran)” are clear and undisputed. They involve the violent occupation of the American Embassy in Tehran, and of the consulates in Tabriz and Shiraz. The occupation of the Embassy on 4 November 1979 led to the Embassy personnel and two other American citizens, a teacher and a businessman, being taking hostage, and subsequently to demands being addressed to America (e.g., for the extradition of the Shah and the return of his wealth) under the threat that failure to comply would result in the hostages being put on trial as spies.
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