Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the process of personal data protection in Georgia within the frame of e-governance, focusing on available legal and technological protecting mechanisms, their practical usage and importance for realizing principles of good governance in the state. The scope of this research is defined by the protection of state databases containing citizen’s personal data. Its key legal and technological aspects are identified and analyzed. The potential of proper data protection to act as the enabler of e-governance services success is also evaluated. We explore the defense mechanisms of Georgian governmental entities by conducting interviews with seven experts from the Personal Data Protection Inspectorate and other public entities handling citizens’ data. We study citizens’ perception of data safety and the citizens’ knowledge of existing monitoring mechanisms through analysis of over 400 responses that we have received to our survey. We also analyze and assess the influence of these factors on the success of e-governance and its broad diffusion. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are formulated for raising citizens’ awareness on the data protection mechanisms to be used in future theoretical and practical considerations.
Highlights
IntroductionA recent resolution by United Nations titled “The right to privacy in the digital age” [14] has for the first time asserted the applicability of internationally recognized human rights including right to privacy in the online world in the same manner they stand applicable to the offline activities of the states
Ever-increasing importance of the data safety is reflected in the rapid establishment of personal data protection inspectorates and DPAs (Data Protection Authorities) within and outside of European Union
While a number of positive reforms have been made in this direction recently, many of the obstacles are still to be overcome, available services differ in level of security for the processed personal data from one public entity to another and user turnout remains low for their majority
Summary
A recent resolution by United Nations titled “The right to privacy in the digital age” [14] has for the first time asserted the applicability of internationally recognized human rights including right to privacy in the online world in the same manner they stand applicable to the offline activities of the states. Resolution stressed the importance of government commitment to guarantee citizen data privacy. It encouraged member states to take active measures for establishing digital environment which will be reflecting internationally recognized fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. After proclaiming its aspiration to become a member of the EU, Georgia, one of the EaP (Eastern Partnership) states, has taken responsibility to get compliant with data privacy requirements. Upon signing the Association Agreement in 2014, [2] Georgia has undertaken the obligation to harmonize legislation with European standards regarding users’ rights, personal data security and protection along with promoting egovernment initiatives and supporting their active use between governments, businesses, and citizens. While a number of positive reforms have been made in this direction recently, many of the obstacles are still to be overcome, available services differ in level of security for the processed personal data from one public entity to another and user turnout remains low for their majority
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