Abstract
By design there is usually an excess of positive over negative material in plates. This compensates to an extent the lesser formation charge input required by positive and renders the mismatch when forming positive plate against negative plate of minor importance. Open tank and container formations are described and the dangers of imcomplete formation when ‘no-burn’ connections are used. The mechanism of material conversation is illustrated from microsections taken from a traction negative. Variations of container formation to suit factory conditions are detailed and economies in electrolyte usage in open-tank formation. The benefit of rest periods during charge are examined particularly for traction. The drying of the positive plates after formation requires careful control; when used in dry-charged automotive batteries poor initial starting can occur if the drying temperature exceeds 70 °C and the moisture content is below 0.25 wt.%.
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