Abstract
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Brazil, with high prevalence in the State of Sergipe, despite the existence of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE). The data from Sergipe's PCE between 2005 and 2008 were surveyed. From the raw information, a database was created on a spreadsheet using the Access software. The frequency and geographic distribution of infections due to Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasites were analyzed. These data were exported to the Spring 5.0.5 software for georeferencing and preparation of thematic maps of the spatial and temporal distribution according to year of evaluation. In 2005, 13.6% (14,471/106,287) of the tests were positive for S. mansoni, 11.2% (16,196/145,069) in 2006, 11.8% (10,220/86,824) in 2007 and 10.6% (8,329/78,859) in 2008. Analysis on the maps showed that there was high prevalence of the disease in Sergipe, and particularly in the municipalities of Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi and São Cristóvão. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between the frequencies of these parasitic diseases and social and developmental indicators in the different municipalities, according to data from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Water Resources (SRH). We found that municipalities with schistosomiasis prevalence higher than 15% had lower coverage of sewage systems (hygiene index) (p = 0.05). Additionally, municipalities with hookworm prevalence higher than 10% had lower educational HDI (p = 0.04). The importance of greater control over environmental risk and educational factors needs to be emphasized in attempts to reduce the prevalence of these parasitic diseases.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Brazil, with high prevalence in the State of Sergipe, despite the existence of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE)
O nível de significância adotado em todas as análises foi de 5% (p < 0,05)
Assim como os municípios com taxas de infecção por ancilostomídeos menores de 10% são aqueles onde existe um maior IDH educacional, sugerindo a influência da educação no controle desta doença, com melhora dos hábitos de higiene pessoal e de uso de calçados
Summary
Realizou-se um levantamento de dados do PCE vinculado à Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Sergipe no período de 2005 a 2008. A partir de matriz bruta de dados no software Access realizouse análises de prevalência e distribuição geográfica das infecções por S. mansoni e geo-helmintos. Estes dados foram tabulados e exportados para o software Spring 5.1.5 para geração de mapas temáticos, mostrando a distribuição das prevalências de esquistossomose por municípios do estado por ano de avaliação. Análises de associação entre as infecções por S. mansoni e geo-helmintos com marcadores socioeconômicos, ambientais e educacionais. Foram feitas aquisições de índices utilizados como marcadores socioeconômicos e de desenvolvimento social e educacional do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), a exemplo do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), o IDH educacional (IDHE) e a Situação de Higiene. A situação de higiene é um indicador utilizado pela SRH e avalia quanto em percentagem o município é ligado à rede geral de esgoto[18]
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