Asma bronquial

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract with multiple risk factors involved in its pathogenesis. It is clinically characterized by dyspnea, cough, and wheezing.Symptoms and respiratory function are the key tools for diagnosing it (spirometry with obstruction, reversibility, variability, fractional exhaled nitric oxide —FENO—, bronchial provocation). The goals of asthma treatment are disease control and maintaining symptoms and exacerbations stable. In order to implement a suitable treatment, asthma is classified according to its severity and based on that, the six-step treatment algorithm indicated in the Spanish GEMA guidelines is followed. The fundamental pillar of therapy is inhaled corticosteroids, which is present in each of the steps, and other drugs are associated for disease control (beta2-agonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists). In recent years, the incorporation of monoclonal antibodies into the treatment arsenal for severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma is noteworthy.