Abstract
The diversity of the Catholic movement in Portugal over the 20th century is experienced with tension as Catholicism has sought to affirm its unity in the face of the social disintegration associated with modernity. In Portugal, the development of Catholic trends is first conditioned by the secular policies of the First Republic followed by the identification of Church interests with the Estado Novo dictatorial regime. However, the geographic limitations of the country, its peripheral location and the shallow political elites also all impacted. This article examines some of the expressions crystallising underlying trends and polarised tensions: Catholic monar- chists and Catho-laics (catolaivos), Catholic nationalists and Catholic progressives, social Catholicism and Christian democracy.
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