Artocarpanone isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods enhances cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines

Abstract

Artocarpus heterophyllus has been used as a folk medicine in Asian countries. Flavonoid possessed a wide-range of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of several diseases including cancer prevention. Artocarponanone is s flavonoid isolated from the heartwoods of A. heterophyllus. This study was undertaken to investigate the interaction of natural compound and commercial anticancer, cisplatin against two cancer cell lines. MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the combination. Isobologram analysis was used to predict the interaction of combination against cancer cell lines. The effect of this combination was then confirmed using AO/PI staining method. It showed that artocarpanone demonstrated cytotoxic effect against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 16.88 and 23.34 µg/mL, respectively. While cisplatin exhibited the cytotoxic effect against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 12.95 and 10.29 µg/mL. The combination of these compounds produced the synergistic effect on MCF-7 cell lines with a combination index (CI) of 0.09 and 0.13, respectively. Fluorescence microscope using AO/PI staining showed that the combination caused the morphological change of cancer cell lines and lead to necrosis and apoptosis. This result indicated that artocarpanone may enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against H460 and MCF-7 cell lines.