Abstract
Acremonium nepalense, a fungus that deposits manganese oxide in its environment, is the latest organism to be recognized as a contributor to the ugly black staining of the walls of caves famed for their prehistoric paintings. The fungus is at work in the Lascaux Cave in southwestern France, where it is threatening some extraordinary 15,000-year-old Paleolithic paintings. A. nepalense and other organisms have been attacking and obscuring the parietal art so rapidly that UNESCO has had to issue a warning that it may add the site to its List of World Heritage in Danger.
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