Abstract
Energy is one of the main elements that allows society to maintain its living standards and continue as usual. For this reason, the energy distribution is both one of the most important and targeted by attacks Critical Infrastructure. Many of the other Critical Infrastructures rely on energy to work reliably. Some states are particularly interested in getting stealth access to -and take control of- energy production and distribution of other Nations. This way they can create huge disruption and get a significant advantage in case of conflict. In the recent past, we could observe some real-life demonstrations of this fact. The introduction of smart grids and ICT in the management of energy infrastructures has great benefits but also introduces new attack surfaces and ways for attackers to gain control. As a benefit, we can also collect more data and metrics to better understand the state of the grid. New techniques based on Artificial Intelligence and machine learning can take advantage of the available data to help the protection of the infrastructures and detect ongoing threats. Smart Meters which are connected intelligent devices spread over the grid and the geographical distribution of the population. For this reason, they can be very useful data collection assets but also a target for attack. In this paper, the authors consider and analyze various innovative techniques that can be used to enhance the security and reliability of Smart Grids.
Highlights
Energy, and in particular electricity, is one of the fundamental building blocks for modern societies
The purpose of anomaly detection algorithms is to identify rare events, that in this context represents things like the suspicious behaviors of some user or device, unusual network traffic or similar.This methodology can be applied to single aspects of the Smart Grid at a time or using a holistic approach, that means considering the behavior of the whole system at a time
Phasors Measurement Units (PMU) are fundamental controlling devices used to assess and stabilize the frequency of the AC electricity flow. They are highly dependent to a precise synchronization of the timing between PMU deployed in different segments of the grid
Summary
In particular electricity, is one of the fundamental building blocks for modern societies. If not all, depend directly or indirectly on Energy to function on a day-to-day basis. Enel's global IT security infrastructure identifies more than 100,000 events a day” (Bundock, 2015). These numbers can be overwhelming and cover the real threats, especially if skilled attackers make their best to hide their traces inside the noise. This section lists some commercial solutions already in the market that can enhance the security of various aspects of the Smart Grid using Artificial Intelligence techniques.
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