Abstract
Objective The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the quality and outcome of studies into artificial intelligence techniques, analysis, and effect in dentistry. Materials and Methods Using the MeSH keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), dentistry, AI in dentistry, neural networks and dentistry, machine learning, AI dental imaging, and AI treatment recommendations and dentistry. Two investigators performed an electronic search in 5 databases: PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), ScienceDirect databases (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), and the Cochrane Collaboration (Wiley). The English language articles reporting on AI in different dental specialties were screened for eligibility. Thirty-two full-text articles were selected and systematically analyzed according to a predefined inclusion criterion. These articles were analyzed as per a specific research question, and the relevant data based on article general characteristics, study and control groups, assessment methods, outcomes, and quality assessment were extracted. Results The initial search identified 175 articles related to AI in dentistry based on the title and abstracts. The full text of 38 articles was assessed for eligibility to exclude studies not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Six articles not related to AI in dentistry were excluded. Thirty-two articles were included in the systematic review. It was revealed that AI provides accurate patient management, dental diagnosis, prediction, and decision making. Artificial intelligence appeared as a reliable modality to enhance future implications in the various fields of dentistry, i.e., diagnostic dentistry, patient management, head and neck cancer, restorative dentistry, prosthetic dental sciences, orthodontics, radiology, and periodontics. Conclusion The included studies describe that AI is a reliable tool to make dental care smooth, better, time-saving, and economical for practitioners. AI benefits them in fulfilling patient demand and expectations. The dentists can use AI to ensure quality treatment, better oral health care outcome, and achieve precision. AI can help to predict failures in clinical scenarios and depict reliable solutions. However, AI is increasing the scope of state-of-the-art models in dentistry but is still under development. Further studies are required to assess the clinical performance of AI techniques in dentistry.
Highlights
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general term which refers to perform the task of human beings with the help of machine and technology
Our intended question was “Which artificial intelligence techniques are practiced in dentistry, and how AI is improving the diagnosis, clinical decision making, and outcome of dental treatment?” The question was constructed according to the Participants Intervention Comparison Outcome and Study (PICOS) strategy [18]
This review suggests that computer-based neural network plays a supporting role to dental practitioners, in decision making and minimizing errors during execution of dental treatment planning
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general term which refers to perform the task of human beings with the help of machine and technology. According to “Barr and Feigenbaum,” AI is the part of computer science concerned with designing an intelligent computer system that exhibits characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior-understanding language, learning, reasoning, problem solving, and many more [1]. Machine learning is a subgroup of AI which enhances automated learning ability without being distinctly programmed. Its primary goal is to allow automated learning without human arbitration. AI models predict future events with the present set of observations [2]. The schematic presentation of AI and a human intelligence model is shown in Figures 1 and 2
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