Articulated Trajectory Mapping for Reviewing Walking Tours

Iori Sasaki,Masatoshi Arikawa,Akinori Takahashi

doi:10.3390/ijgi9100610

Abstract

This paper addresses how to enrich a map-based representation for reviewing walking tours with the features of trajectory mapping and tracing animation. Generally, a trajectory generated by raw GPS data can often be difficult to browse through on a map. To resolve this issue, we first illustrated tangled trajectory lines, inaccurate indoor positioning, and unstable trajectory lines as problems encountered when mapping raw trajectory data. Then, we proposed a new framework that focuses on GPS horizontal accuracy to locate indoor location points and find stopping points on an accelerometer. We also applied a conventional line simplification algorithm to make the trajectory cleaner and then integrated the extracted points with the clean trajectory line. Furthermore, our experiments with some actual logs of walking tours demonstrated that articulated trajectory mapping, which comprises simplification and characterization methods, sufficiently reliable and effective for better reviewing experiences. The paper contributes to the research on cleaning up map-based displays and tracing animations of raw trajectory GPS data by using not only location data but also sensor data that smartphones can collect.

Highlights

In recent years, walking tours have attracted many people, including tourists as well as residents
In order to resolve the above problems and enrich the map-based trajectory presentation of walking tour experiences, we propose a conceptual approach in articulated trajectory mapping
People enjoy learning about culture and history through walking tours in the real world

Summary

Introduction

In recent years, walking tours have attracted many people, including tourists as well as residents. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization (2019) [1], various countries have been promoting their historical and natural sites as points of interest (POIs) and suggested routes on walking tours offered through guidebooks and other publications. The framework for enhancing post-tour activities initially provides map-based representations of walkers’ trajectories that have been recorded by GPS-enabled devices during tours. Problems of Raw TWraejecfitrosrtyrDevaetaalBsaosmedeopnrOobbsleermvastwionitsh the map-based representation of raw trajectory data. TPrraojebclteomryCli:nUesnasrteabolfeteTnrdajreacwtonryinLuinsetable ways because of GPS errors and user motion Such lines are redundant and frustrating for viewers. Trajectory lines are often drawn in unstable ways because of GPS errors and user motion.

Approaches of Articulated Trajectory Data in Related Work

Indoor and Outdoor Recognitions

Walking and Stopping Recognitions

Findings

Conclusions