Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species.

Marta Krystyna Kosinska,Bernd Ishaque,Jochen Wilhelm,Gerd Schmitz,Ruiyan Zhang,Hans-Christian Siebert,Tannin A Schmidt,Markus Rickert,Juergen Steinmeyer,Reinhard B Dettmeyer,Taryn E Ludwig,Heiko Klein,Ulrich Kaesser,Gerhard Liebisch

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125192

Marta Krystyna Kosinska, Bernd Ishaque + Show 12 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125192

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BackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.ResultsCompared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs.ConclusionsThe levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF—HA, lubricin, PLs—vary with joint disease and stage of OA. Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction.

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Lubrication of cartilage within synovial joints entails a complex interaction of several mechanical and molecular factors, resulting in decreased friction between opposing surfaces of articular cartilage
Compared with control synovial fluid (SF), the concentrations of Hyaluronic acid (HA) and lubricin were lower in OA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) SF, whereas those of phospholipid species (PLs) were higher in OA and RA SF
The molecular weight (MW) distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF

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Lubrication of cartilage within synovial joints entails a complex interaction of several mechanical and molecular factors, resulting in decreased friction between opposing surfaces of articular cartilage. The lubricant components of synovial fluid (SF), such as hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) [1], lubricin [3], and surface-active phospholipids [4], interact with and adsorb to the surface of articular cartilage and have been suggested, independently or in combination, to promote boundary lubrication [2]. HA is an extracellular matrix component in SF, cartilage, eye fluid, vitreous humor, and lung, kidney, brain, and muscle tissues [9,10,11] This glycosaminoglycan has a high molecular weight (MW) distribution in human SF, ranging from 27 kDa to 10 MDa [12,13,14]. Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

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