Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the usage of articles (i.e., definiteness and specificity) in natural (i.e., English, Samoan, and Lillooet Salish) and artificial (i.e., Esperanto, Unish, and Sambahsa) languages and then to suggest an optimal pattern of articles in artificial languages. The observation in this paper is supported by the typology of articles in natural languages, language acquisition, markedness of articles, and historical developments of articles. Then, it proposes that articles are a recent and uncommon grammatical realization and show great variation across languages. Finally, this paper proposes the ‘Minimal Realization Principle’ for article uses in artificial languages.
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