Artemia salina Biological Responses to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

The Zinc oxide nanoparticles could be entered and separated in various water bodies through the runoff. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the influences of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Artemia salina (used as live feed in aquaculture) at developmental, biochemical and molecular levels. The homogeneity among the estimated. Artemia salina was estimated using Inter simple sequence repeats and some isozyme polymorphism. The results showed that samples were highly homogeneous. The hatching percentages decreased as the concentration of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles increased, compared to the control group. The maximum hatching percentage (75.88%) was detected at the control followed by ZT1(65.52%), ZT2 (55.87%) and ZT3(55.22%). The percentage of each developmental stage of A. salina under the experimental conditions, including egg, breakage egg, umbrella stage, Instar 1, Instar 2 and Instar 3, was calculated. Also, the impacts of ZnO NPs on A. salina isozyme variations were evaluated. The results showed some different A. salina tissue responses among the various ZnO NPs concentrations. The total number of bands was 15, 12, 10 and 5 for a-Esterase, b-Esterase, Superoxide dismutase and Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes respectively. The electrophoretic pattern of the A. salina Esterases shows remarkable biochemical markers. Understanding such influences could be helpful for the industry to make informed decisions on whether to use such Zinc oxide nanoparticles or find safer alternatives, ultimately affecting production costs and profitability. The industry should pay attention on developing safer nanoparticles and optimizing their concentrations to reduce long-term costs associated with species depletion and environmental damage.