Abstract
Arsine (AsH3) is a colorless, nonirritating, but flammable and highly toxic, gas that is generated by both natural and anthropogenic processes. The production of AsH3 was first reported in 1775 by Carl Scheele, and the first death resulting from its toxicity was chronicled in 1815. Since that time, several hundred cases of intoxication have been reported in the literature, most of which have occurred in industrial settings. Inhalation is the primary route of exposure in humans. Following absorption, AsH3 reacts rapidly with tissues. In erythrocytes, AsH3 appears to bind to various sites, including the hemoglobin molecule, and produces one of the most characteristic signs of intoxication, hemolysis. The red cell is also a primary site for the metabolism of AsH3 to As(III). This metabolic step may occur elsewhere in the body but studies in this area are lacking. Severe toxicity involves other tissues of the body, as well, including the liver and kidney. Although AsH3 is produced in nature by various processes, including bacterial action, the ecological significance of this source has not been delineated.
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