Arrhythmogenic effects of DEHP exposure: insights into cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial cells

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Hemodialysis patients, who are exposed to plasticizers through the hemodialysis circuit, face a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasticizers, such as the endocrine-disrupting compound Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have emerged as potential contributors to CVD. This study explores the impact of DEHP on cardiac electrophysiology and myocardial cells, providing insights into its cardiotoxic effects. Methods We employed optical mapping techniques to assess cardiac electrophysiology in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts exposed to DEHP, comparing them to a control group. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of DEHP on cardiac muscle cells using H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Results Prolonged DEHP exposure resulted in elevated heart rate, increased electrocardiographic variability, and higher low-frequency values, indicative of sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Action potential duration at APD80 increased, leading to greater action potential triangulation. Electrical alternans observed in the DEHP-treated group heightened the risk of arrhythmias. Single-cell analysis revealed severe mitochondrial damage, myocardial cell apoptosis, and disrupted calcium ion balance. Conclusion This study highlights DEHP's cardiotoxicity, suggesting its potential role in arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction. Environmental pollutants like DEHP warrant consideration as contributors to cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for further research on preventive strategies.