Arrhenius activation energy and Joule heating for Walter-B fluid with Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion model

Abstract

The present framework examines the characteristics of Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion model to nonlinearly convective flow of Walter-B nanofluid over a stretched sheet with Joule heating phenomena. Heat and mass transfer analysis is accomplished through activation energy, MHD, heat generation/absorption, nonlinear mixed convection, binary chemical reaction and dual stratification. The novel binary reaction model is implemented to reveal the characteristics of activation energy. The conversion of partial differential system to nonlinear ordinary differential system has been completed by utilizing appropriate transformations. The nonlinear systems have been solved through the shooting technique along with fifth-order Runge–Kutta method. The outcomes are then plotted for several values of the pertinent parameters and discussed deliberately. Furthermore, the skin friction coefficients and heat transfer rates have been computed and scrutinized. It is evident that heat transfer rate is noticeably higher for larger thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration distribution has reverse features for activation energy parameter and reaction rate constant. The thermal and solutal relaxation parameters become a source of reduction for temperature and concentration fields, respectively. From this analysis, it is observed that space- and temperature-dependent heat sinks are more suitable for cooling purposes.