Abstract
Data on the long-term behavior of computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) resin-based composites are sparse. To achieve higher predictability on the mechanical behavior of these materials, the aim of the study was to establish a mathematical relationship between the material thickness of resin-based materials and their fracture load. The tested materials were Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (GC), Enamic (EN), and Telio CAD (TC). For this purpose, 60 specimens were prepared, each with five different material thicknesses between 0.4 mm and 1.6 mm (N = 60, n = 12). The fracture load of all specimens was determined using the biaxial flexural strength test (DIN EN ISO 6872). Regression curves were fitted to the results and their coefficient of determination (R2) was computed. Cubic regression curves showed the best R2 approximation (LU R2 = 0.947, GC R2 = 0.971, VE R2 = 0.981, TC R2 = 0.971) to the fracture load values. These findings imply that the fracture load of all tested resin-based materials has a cubic relationship to material thickness. By means of a cubic equation and material-specific fracture load coefficients, the fracture load can be calculated when material thickness is given. The approach enables a better predictability for resin-based restorations for the individual patient. Hence, the methodology might be reasonably applied to other restorative materials.
Highlights
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) processes opened a broad range of ways to support or even replace conventional workflows in dentistry
Resin-based CAD-CAM materials can be used very efficiently within the digital workflow, allowing for the final restorations to be placed on the same day that the digital impression is taken [4], as these have to be polished after the milling or printing process
The relationship between material thickness and fracture load was to be tested for Lava Ultimate A2-HT CAD/CAM (LU), Cerasmart A2 HT 14 (GC), Enamic 2 M2-HT EM 14 (PICN; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) (VE), and Telio CAD LT A2/B40 L (TC)
Summary
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) processes opened a broad range of ways to support or even replace conventional workflows in dentistry. Aside from all-ceramic restorations, resin-based CAD-CAM restorative materials present an interesting alternative to manufacture tooth colored, indirect single tooth restorations, e.g., crowns, partial crowns, or inlays [1,3]. The fabrication of these restorations is currently done almost entirely via additive or subtractive manufacturing processes based on CAD-CAM technologies [1,2]. In contrast to ceramic restorations, no sintering processes are required to achieve the final strength [5,6] These positive aspects resulted in a wide product range of alternative CAD-CAM-based materials [3]. The materials substantially differ regarding their composition and additives, such as quartz crystals, glasses, fibers, nanofillers, nanotubes, and hybrid materials, and are characterized by different physical and chemical properties [7]
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