ARIoTEDef: Adversarially Robust IoT Early Defense System Based on Self-Evolution against Multi-step Attacks

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) cyber threats, exemplified by jackware and crypto mining, underscore the vulnerability of IoT devices. Due to the multi-step nature of many attacks, early detection is vital for a swift response and preventing malware propagation. However, accurately detecting early-stage attacks is challenging, as attackers employ stealthy, zero-day, or adversarial machine learning to evade detection. To enhance security, we propose ARIoTEDef, an Adversarially Robust IoT Early Defense system, which identifies early-stage infections and evolves autonomously. It models multi-stage attacks based on a cyber kill chain and maintains stage-specific detectors. When anomalies in the later action stage emerge, the system retroactively analyzes event logs using an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model to identify early infections. Then, the infection detector is updated with information about the identified infections. We have evaluated ARIoTEDef against multi-stage attacks, such as the Mirai botnet. Results show that the infection detector’s average F1 score increases from 0.31 to 0.87 after one evolution round. We have also conducted an extensive analysis of ARIoTEDef against adversarial evasion attacks. Our results show that ARIoTEDef is robust and benefits from multiple rounds of evolution.