Arhitektura pravoslavnih crkava na prostoru Pećke patrijaršije sa posebnim osvrtom na arhitekturu istočne Hercegovine u XVI i XVII vijeku

Abstract

After the Turkish conquest, a greater Serbian building (construction) activity started in the central parts of the Patriarchate of Pec: in Kosovo, Polimlje and Herzegovina. Construction achievements of this period are characterized by various reaches, starting from the monumental stone buildings up to the small village churches. The most common type of the buildings, from the end of the 15th century until the mid-16th century, are single-nave churches of smaller dimensions, with rather simplified forms, while the churches of greater dimensions were built with various bases. The naos is mostly of the rectangular form, vaulted over with the half-arched dome, while on the East side there is usually the altar room with a semi-circular apse in the East, which is lower than the very building. These buildings are authentically covered with stone slabs or they have the wooden roofing slates cladding (called shingle) and they are plastered with mortar and painted. Churches with leant arches are more complex when the church construction is in question and their existence has been recorded in the area of the Patriarchate of Pec, particularly in East Herzegovina. In this period, a great number of churches was built resembling the monuments of Ras, from the 13th century. They did not have the side paracles and they had simplified upper construction and design. Single-nave buildings are in question here, usually with a more spacious altar apse and a low rectangular chorister's standing area. On the West side, there is the narthex. The prevalence of suchlike type of the churches can be especially noticed in the area of the Drina's river basin and watershed. Consequently, this simplified type of the churches of Raska style is called the Drina style. As the role models in the Serbian construction and building in the 16th century, sometimes the monuments from the 14th and 15th century were used as a role model, so the churches with the three-leaves, triconch base were built, while the dome was supported with pilastras, without more complex architectural solutions. The exterior of these churches is modestly decorated. The West entrances of the churches, which had been built before 1557, as well as the windows on more ambitiously decorated buildings, had stone frames which ended in a semi-circular form, or they were sometimes profiled. The exterior walls of the churches, especially the apses, were decorated with the wreath of the semi-circular archades. In the area of Herzegovina and Montenegro, the churches were built of two basic materials: stone and lime mortar, while their roofs were cladded with stone slabs. The church foundations were built of the quarry stone in lime mortar. In most cases, the outer walls were built of regular and even form of the lime stone parallelepiped blocks which were arranged in the horizontal rows with regularly re-tied clamp joints.