Abstract
BackgroundSynthetic implants are being used to restore injured or damaged tissues following cancer resection and congenital diseases. However, the survival of large tissue implant replacements depends on their ability to support angiogenesis that if limited, causes extrusion and infection of the implant. This study assessed the beneficial effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on synthetic biomaterials in combination with argon plasma surface modification to enhance vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs.MethodsNon-biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds were manufactured and modified with plasma surface modification using argon gas (PM). Donor rats were then used to extract ADSCs and PRP to modify the scaffolds further. Scaffolds with and without PM were modified with and without ADSCs and PRP and subcutaneously implanted in the dorsum of rats for 3 months. After 12 weeks, the scaffolds were excised and the degree of tissue integration using H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome staining, angiogenesis by CD31 and immune response by CD45 and CD68 immunohistochemistry staining was examined.ResultsH&E and Masson’s trichrome staining showed PM+PRP+ADSC and PM+ADSC scaffolds had the greatest tissue integration, but there was no significant difference between the two scaffolds (p < 0.05). The greatest vessel formation after 3 months was shown with PM+PRP+ADSC and PM+ADSC scaffolds using CD31 staining compared to all other scaffolds (p < 0.05). The CD45 and CD68 staining was similar between all scaffolds after 3 months showing the ADSCs or PRP had no effect on the immune response of the scaffolds.ConclusionsArgon plasma surface modification enhanced the effect of adipose-derived stem cells effect on angiogenesis and tissue integration of polyurethane scaffolds. The combination of ADSCs and argon plasma modification may improve the survival of large tissue implants for regenerative applications.
Highlights
Synthetic implants are being used to restore injured or damaged tissues following cancer resection and congenital diseases
We propose that the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to an optimised argon-modified biomaterial will improve the angiogenesis and tissue integration of the implant following implantation
Rat adipose-derived stem cell morphology, adhesion and growth F-actin stained the morphology of the rADSCs after adhering to the PRP and argon-modified scaffolds after 6 h (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Synthetic implants are being used to restore injured or damaged tissues following cancer resection and congenital diseases. Implants are being used to replace damaged or injured tissues and organs following trauma, cancer resection or congenital diseases. Such implants can be composed of autologous tissue or synthetic materials. In both cases, the survival of large tissue substitutes to replace damaged organs is reliant on the formation of an adequate blood supply [1, 2]. Our group has been developing a synthetic polyurethane nanocomposite implant (PU) to replace the missing cartilage of large facial organs including the ear and nose due to congenital diseases or following cancer resection [3]. For future up scaling of the polyurethane implants as a large tissue construct to replace the cartilage of an ear and nose, we need to optimise further the angiogenesis potential of the polyurethane to ensure maximal survival of the implant
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