Area, Power and Speed Optimized Early Output Majority Voter for Asynchronous TMR Implementation

Padmanabhan Balasubramanian,Nikos E Mastorakis

doi:10.3390/electronics10121425

Abstract

This paper presents a new, efficient asynchronous early output majority voter that can be used to effectively realize an asynchronous triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation. For the input-output mode asynchronous realization, the dual-rail code was used for data encoding and four phase return-to-zero and return-to-one handshake schemes were separately used for data communication. The proposed majority voter requires 62.8% less area and dissipates 37% less power on average compared to the best of the existing asynchronous majority voters while considering both handshake schemes. Importantly, the reductions in area and power are achieved without sacrificing the speed. Example TMR implementations show that the proposed majority voter leads to simultaneous reductions in cycle time, silicon area, and power dissipation. As a result, the proposed majority voter enables improved optimization in figure-of-merits such as area–cycle time product, power–cycle time product, and area–cycle time–power product for TMR implementations utilizing it compared to TMR implementations incorporating other majority voters. The circuits were implemented using a 32/28-nm CMOS technology.

Highlights

In many mission- and safety-critical applications such as space, aerospace, nuclear power plants, electric power transmission and distribution, banking and stock exchanges, and industrial control and automation, etc
Different triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementations were simulated, and their functionality was verified by considering all the distinct inputs for the function blocks, which were supplied through a test bench
This paper presented a new compact early output majority voter that is useful for This an paper presented a new compact early output majority voter that is useful for realizing effective asynchronous

Summary

Introduction

In many mission- and safety-critical applications such as space, aerospace, nuclear power plants, electric power transmission and distribution, banking and stock exchanges, and industrial control and automation, etc. Suppose a function block produces K outputs, K 3-input majority voters are required to realize a TMR implementation [3]. Depending upon the design paradigm adopted, the majority voter used in a TMR implementation may be realized in a synchronous or asynchronous design style. Different designs of majority voters for a synchronous TMR implementation are available in the literature [4,5,6]. Different designs of majority voters for an asynchronous TMR implementation are available in the literature [7,8,9,10]. In [8,9], strongly indicating majority voters for an asynchronous TMR implementation were presented while in [10] an early output majority voter was presented.

Input-Output

Proposed

Results

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Conclusions