Area-based development initiatives: a means to an end or an end in itself? – a literature overview on the case of Sweden

Abstract

ABSTRACT In many countries during the last four decades, area-based programmes and initiatives have emerged, directed to the residents in so-called disadvantaged areas of cities. The initiatives are commonly initiated by local public authorities and are gathering social workers, housing companies and NGOs in collaboration, occasionally under the label of community work. With the aim to understand the role of ABIs in the development of marginalized areas, but also to understand ABIs as a phenomenon in a broader societal context, this literature overview compiles recent literature on such initiatives in Sweden. The review finds that the initiatives are often launched as responses to inequality and segregation, which is manifested in low employment rates, but also in social unrest, criminality and associated stigmatization. Thus, the initiatives are often set up with aims of increasing employment or reducing crime rates, but with the overarching goals of reducing segregation. However, segregation has prevailed, which has led to the initiatives being questioned. This literature review finds that the initiatives should be evaluated with regard to results on individual level, as they often are of substantial value for the residents, while at the same time the initiatives should be questioned as means to achieve greater equality.