Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between value priorities and two dispositional dimensions, optimism and resilience, in a sample of 307 healthy Sicilian adolescents (145 boys and 162 girls) aged from 14 to 18 years. We used the Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 1992), the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (De Caroli & Sagone, 2014), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier & Carver, 1992). Results indicate that the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to optimism; self-transcendence is positively related to all dimensions of resilience; conservation is positively related to adaptability, control, and engagement; the value priorities of self-enhancement and openness to change are positively related to sense of humor, competence, and adaptability. Additionally, boys perceive themselves as more optimist, humoristic, competent, and adapted than girls, while girls are more engaged than boys; furthermore, boys judge as mainly important the values of self-enhancement and openness to change, while girls judge as mostly important the self-transcendence. Future researches will deep the relationships among these three constructs in young adults and the elderly. Keywords: resilience; value orientations; optimism; adolescence.
Highlights
The framework of the current correlational study is represented by the perspective of value priorities according to the Schwartz’s Universal Theory of Values (1992) that seem to be comprehensive of the major different orientations recognised across cultures
Descriptive analyses indicate that levels of dispositional optimism in total sample are equal to M = 19.6 (SD = 5.1), with significant differences for sex (t(305) = 5.94, p < 0.001) in the sense that boys are more optimist than girls (Mboys = 21.3 vs. Mgirls = 18.00)
The empirical evidences emerged by this study show a confirmation of the expected relationships between value orientations and the positive traits of personality in adolescence
Summary
The framework of the current correlational study is represented by the perspective of value priorities according to the Schwartz’s Universal Theory of Values (1992) that seem to be comprehensive of the major different orientations recognised across cultures. It includes the following values connected to the past experiences and stability: 6. conformity, that is, the inclination to follow social expectations [new label—(6a): interpersonal conformity] or social norms [new label—(6b): rules, that is conformity to laws and authority]; 7. security, that is, safety, harmony, stability of society, defence of interpersonal relations and self-image, divided in (7a) personal security and (7b) societal security; 8. tradition that brings to mind respect and acceptance of the customs or ideas which belong to the tradition
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