Abstract
Introduction: The anatomy of the subscapularis muscle has been rarely described. The aim of this study is to provide an accurate description of its anatomy, based on macroscopic and histological analysis. Methods: This descriptive study included 13 shoulders. Macroscopic criteria included the number of muscle bundles and fibrous septa, the number of bone dimples and ridges, and the number of nerve branches, specifying their origin and their point of entry into the muscle. On the same shoulders, we took 3 to 6 histological sections. Microscopic criteria included muscle fiber orientation and fibrous fascia. Results: 93% of shoulders had 3 or 4 muscle bundles. 3 to 6 nerve branches innervated the muscle. The anterior surface of the body of the scapula was formed in its medial part in 67% of cases by 3 bony ridges. Histological analysis revealed 2 to 6 fibrous septa, 2 and 1 orientations of muscle fibers in 67% and 33% of cases respectively. Discussion: The anatomy of the subscapularis muscle is highly variable. The various results form a set of arguments, that make us think that within the subscapularis muscle itself, there is a variable number of muscle bundles and nerve branches, forming neuromuscular functional units.
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