Abstract
Global trends in pesticide use can increase aquatic pollution and affect resident fisheries. Crabs exposed to organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, may increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance. Zichiopsis collastinensis crabs were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.1 and 0.5µg L-1). Effects on the oxidative stress enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, and on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were evaluated at four intervals during 96h exposures. Exposures caused decreased GST activity and increased H2O2 levels in gills. There were modifications of GST, CAT and SOD activities in the hepatopancreas after 12h of exposure, and an increase of H2O2 levels at every exposure interval observed. The present study proved that chlorpyrifos lead to oxidative stress in Z. collastinensis. However other enzymatic/non-enzymatic responses should be further investigated in order to be included as part of a battery of biomarkers, together with H2O2 levels, which is a parameter highly recommended to be taken into account.
Highlights
Modern farming methods include the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop production
In this work we evaluated the effects of two chlorpyrifos concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 μg L−1), which are within the range of concentrations found in aquatic environments of Argentina and other countries in enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters related with oxidative stress in gills and hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis
The effects in six parameters related to oxidative stress; the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S- transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and H2O2 levels and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in the crab Z. collastinensis exposed in a time-response experimental design (12, 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure)
Summary
Modern farming methods include the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop production. In this work we evaluated the effects of two chlorpyrifos concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 μg L−1), which are within the range of concentrations found in aquatic environments of Argentina and other countries (from 0.13 to 0.47 μg L−1, and even higher; Alvarez et al 2019; Etchegoyen et al 2017; Schulz 2001) in enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters related with oxidative stress in gills and hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Zilchiopsis collastinensis.
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