Abstract
This study examines adult children’s propensity to provide personal care to older mothers and fathers. The theory of intergenerational solidarity facilitates the understanding of commitment and support between adult children and parents. Solidarity may depend on childhood events as well as the current situation, and we therefore focus on whether there was a parental breakup in childhood and the parent’s current living arrangements. We also focus on the gendered aspects of the relations as earlier research has found stronger matrilinear relationships. The propensity for personal care was analyzed with regression analysis using the 2012 Swedish Generations and Gender Survey. The results show that daughters are more likely than sons to provide personal care to both parents. Parental breakup in childhood does not change the propensity of personal care to any parent. The probability of receiving care is higher for lone mothers than for mothers living with the father, but not for repartnered mothers. Adult children’s care provision does not differ for lone fathers and fathers living with the mother, but children are more likely to provide care to lone fathers than to repartnered fathers. We interpret this to indicate that repartnering weakens ties to fathers but not mothers. The results indicate that the child’s gender and the parent’s living arrangements operate differently with regard to care for mothers and fathers. The most common pattern is care provided from daughters to mothers. For example, daughters of lone mothers are more likely to provide care than sons in the same situation. We conclude that intergenerational solidarity is not affected by parental breakup in childhood but that present living arrangements affect such solidarity in gendered ways.
Highlights
We examine whether adult children are more likely to provide personal care to older parents who live without a partner than to parents who live with a partner (Hypothesis 4)
The present study investigated adult children’s propensity to regularly help older parents with personal tasks such as eating, getting up, dressing, bathing, and using the toilet based on earlier life events and current situations
We anticipated matrilineal kinkeeping to be central with regard to who receives personal care from adult children
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The concept of intergenerational solidarity facilitates an understanding of the relationships, commitment, support and care between adult children and their parents This solidarity may depend on childhood events and the current situation, which may entail an older parent needing help. The questions of whether and how children engage in personal care for aging parents with breakup histories and different living arrangements are crucial to understanding the potential support deficits that older individuals will likely face. These deficits may create gendered inequalities both in old age and between caregiving daughters and sons. The results from this study are relevant both for countries in which public services are strained, as in Sweden, and in countries in which eldercare is a family matter but the family may have increasing difficulties to cover the needs
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