Are high fresh gas flow rates necessary during the wash-in period in low-flow anesthesia?

Abstract

In low-flow anesthesia (LFA), there is a wash-in period in which usually high fresh gas flow (FGF) rates are used to achieve the required initial concentration of anesthetic agent in the alveoli. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency, safety and the consumption of desflurane in LFA using constant FGF (1 L/min) and conventional LFA using high FGF (4 L/min) during the wash-in period. Eighty patients, who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were enrolled in the study. Wash-in was accomplished with 1 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 18% desflurane in group 1; and by 4 L/min FGF (50% O2, 50% air) and 6% desflurane in group 2. Throughout the surgery, the vaporizer was adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The time required to reach 0.7 MAC was shorter in group 1 (160 seconds [135-181] vs 288 seconds [240-500], P < .001). In 6 patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2, vaporizer settings were adjusted to maintain 0.6 to 0.8 MAC (P = .048). Desflurane consumption in the first hour and total desflurane consumption were higher in group 2 (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively). The efficiency of anesthesia in both the first hour and in total was higher in group 1 (P < .001). It is safe, more efficient, and economical to use 1 L/min FGF during the wash-in period in LFA.