Abstract

On January 23, 2017, right after assuming presidency, US President Donald Trump did good on his promise and signed the executive order that withdrew USA from the very agreement that it commenced the negotiations for: Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP). The unratified multinational trade agreement encompassed 12 countries which accounted for %40 of the world’s GDP and over 800 million people. On a broader scope, TPP is often affiliated with two other trade deals; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA) both of which in terms of content resemble a lot that of TPP. Given the fact that TTIP and TiSA are not complete and not entirely disclosed with the public, we shall be exclusively focusing on TPP. TPP has been subject to many controversies. But particularly the notion that TPP would enable corporations to sue governments in private arbitration tribunals over lost profits has drawn much attention. In this article we shall be investigating whether there is some truth to these allegations. Providing reference from the articles of the agreement, we shall be discussing the qualities of TPP’s judicial reforms. But firstly, in order to introduce the reader to the subject; we will be providing with some context, to properly frame the subject, and with some information about the nature of these agreements. Secondly, we shall be addressing our main issue. In addition, we will be questioning the framework within which the agreements are officially presented. Finally, a conclusion that compromises the author’s assessment of the case will be provided.

Highlights

  • How did State Matura Exams start in Albania? (The political aspect)

  • In State Matura 2011-2013, English language started to be treated in two tests: English Language as a first language; Its format was kept the same as the previous one; 20 items 10 items of multiple-choice format - 10 points 10 items of open-ended format – 30 points 3 sections

  • Dealing with scanning details items. It has been years since we introduced for the first time open-ended items in tests of foreign languages in State Matura Exams

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Summary

Introduction

State Matura represents an important element of the educational system reformation, but it has urged and laid down positively the reformation of some other links of the system, their harmonization to ensure quality and high standards as permanent objective of the education. In State Matura 2011-2013, English language started to be treated in two tests: English Language as a first language (a test which had to be chosen by students that had English language as a first foreign language in their schools); Its format was kept the same as the previous one; 20 items 10 items of multiple-choice format - 10 points 10 items of open-ended format – 30 points 3 sections (reading comprehension / use of language / writing). If they don’t do so, this will always be an obstacle for students to comprehend well a variety of written texts and have good results in the test It has been years since we introduced for the first time open-ended items in tests of foreign languages in State Matura Exams. New items formats asked to be applied, so a new test format for foreign languages tests

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