Abstract
The expansion of agricultural extension and support services in developing countries has created large agrobureacracies. The contribution of these to agricultural development may well be relatively modest given their low efficiency and effectiveness. Historical experience indicates that agricultural extension is not essential for agricultural development. Agricultural research is much more critical, given the rapidly growing demands for agricultural products. Induced innovation resulting in the production of the types of innovation sought by farmers seems likely to operate only weakly in developing countries. Agricultural economists and social anthropologists have certain rôles in interpreting farmers' requirements to researchers but there remains a need for direct interaction between farmers and researchers. Proposals are made for teaching and development units at research stations to provide extended courses for selected groups of farmers as one means of achieving this.
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