Arduino Digital Clock without RTC Module

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Abstract: This paper analyzes a clock using Arduino without Real time clock (RTC). The development of the digital clock in Arduino is to provide its own time without RTC. Generally, electronic circuit designers use RTC to construct a clock. Such a circuit requires an extra circuit and power. The CMOS battery supplies power to the RTC, once the CMOS battery power is discharged. It automatically erases the date and time and requires an update from an external device. Considering these facts, RTC is avoided and code with nested looping is used to maintain timing in Arduino. It enables us to modify the time using a keypad and LCD without an external device. Continuous power is supplied to the Arduino using a battery backup. Such a circuit is simple with reduced code. All features available in RTC are available in this circuit. Keywords: Arduino Atmega 328P, RTC, LCD16 x 2, Keypad 4x3.