Archaeology

Abstract

AbstractForensic archaeology is the application of archaeological theory within modern criminal investigation, typically in the search for and recovery of buried human remains. This can apply in individual or mass graves. The topic has several elements: method and stratigraphy, search, recovery, and mass graves. The method considers the underlying principles of stratigraphy, which can allow remains to be interpreted in terms of buried context and chronology, and the importance of treating the burial itself as a crime scene. The search for buried remains can involve the use of aerial photography and imagery, geophysical survey, cadaver dogs, fieldcraft, probing, and trial excavation. The importance of noninvasive methods is highlighted, as is the need to use complementary methods, especially in geophysics. Stress is laid on the importance of creating records and on eliminating areas with confidence. Records are also important in the recovery of buried remains, given that archaeology is a nonrepeatable process. The importance of using half‐sections is stressed, as is the need to recognize stratigraphic boundaries and avoid contamination. The application of archaeology to mass graves requires archaeologists to be familiar with manifestations of human rights abuse, torture, and machine excavation, and to understand issues pertaining to primary and secondary graves.