Abstract
Real estate objects are three dimensional, however they are usually dealt in one or two dimensions. In modern construction industry, the land ownership is counted above as well as beneath the earth surface which requires the measurement, ownership documentation and the rights as volume (3D). Major socioeconomic issues of Pakistan are high population growth rate, high rate of urbanization, industrialization and alarming rate of conversion of agricultural land in to non-agricultural uses. During the past few decades, the trend of urbanization resulted in huge horizontal expansion of the cities which raised many problems, e.g., traffic conjunction, security and slums. To address these problems, vertical growth of cities was emphasized and all the major cities of Pakistan were populated with skyscrapers but its legal, technical and the institutional perspectives were not planned which led to the insecure land tenure and failure to control the horizontal expansion of cities. This paper analyzes the current land record system in urban areas of Punjab and identifies its limitations.
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