ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON THE INITIAL GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF Parkia Platycephala BENTH. UNDER WATER STRESS

Dayara Lins Porto,Adriana Miranda De Santana Arauco,Adriano De Oliveira Silva,Cácio Luiz Boechat,Séfora Gil Gomes De Farias,Mara Regina Moitinho

doi:10.1590/01047760202026012671

Dayara Lins Porto, Adriana Miranda De Santana Arauco + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026012671

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Parkia platycephala Benth. (Fava-de-bolota) found in areas of Cerrado-Caatinga transition, is a species with potential for feeding ruminants in arid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the initial growth and nutrition of P. platycephala Benth. seedlings under water stress. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme with five replications, consisting of two water regime conditions (with and without stress), four AMF strains (Gigaspora rosea, Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora koskei, and Acaulospora morrowiae), one treatment with associated inoculum (Mix), and one control. At 120 days after sowing, the morphological variables height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), root length (RL), total root volume (TRV), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (SDM) and total dry mass (TDM) were evaluated. Nutrient contents and mycorrhizal colonization rate were also evaluated. The variables NL, SDM and TDM presented significant interaction between inoculation with the fungi and the studied water conditions. For the contents of P, Mg and Mn there was also interaction, being the best results with the strains A. koskei, Mix, A. morrowiae and control, respectively, in the condition without water stress. Mycorrhizal fungi favored plant growth as well as the absorption of P, Mg, Mn and Zn.

Highlights

MATERIAL AND METHODSCerrado is the second largest biome in South America, occupying an area of approximately 2 million km2, which corresponds to 23.92% of the Brazilian territory, while the Caatinga biome occupies an area of 800,000 km2, equivalent to 9.92% of the territory, both showing a rich and vast biodiversity, with the main Brazilian forest formations (Oliveira et al, 2012; Instituto Brasileiro de Geográfica e Estatística, 2004; Food and AgricultureOrganization, 2005; Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 2018).Among the several species of trees in these biomes is the Parkia platycephala Benth., a tree legume with good qualities for afforestation and pods usually used in forage for feeding ruminants (Lorenzi, 2002) in scarcity periods
The hypothesis of this study is that the association of mycorrhizal fungi with the tree species acorn bean positively influences plants submitted to water stress conditions. Considering that this association provides an expansion of the root system, favoring higher water and nutrient absorption, this study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the initial growth and nutrition of P. platycephala Benth. under water stress, and this way contributing with information on quality seedling production of this species in transition areas of the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes
A similar result was observed by Martins et al (2008) evaluating water stress in two species of eucalyptus observed that the number of leaves were affected in response to the reduction of water in the soil, which indicates that the stress should affect the metabolism of the plant and cause a decrease in the growth and development of the seedlings

Summary

Introduction

MATERIAL AND METHODSCerrado is the second largest biome in South America, occupying an area of approximately 2 million km, which corresponds to 23.92% of the Brazilian territory, while the Caatinga biome occupies an area of 800,000 km, equivalent to 9.92% of the territory, both showing a rich and vast biodiversity, with the main Brazilian forest formations (Oliveira et al, 2012; Instituto Brasileiro de Geográfica e Estatística, 2004; Food and AgricultureOrganization, 2005; Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 2018).Among the several species of trees in these biomes is the Parkia platycephala Benth., a tree legume with good qualities for afforestation and pods usually used in forage for feeding ruminants (Lorenzi, 2002) in scarcity periods. In the literature there are few information known on the adaptive characteristics and environmental conditions since water stress in periods of more severe droughts cause physiological and morphological changes to plants (Pelegrini et al, 2013) by reducing their metabolic activity and causing deficiency in the translocation of mineral nutrients, affecting growth and productivity (Silveira et al, 2016). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have marked and consistent effects on plant growth, especially under conditions of soil nutrient deficiency and water stress (Faria et al, 2013). According to Farias et al (2008) and Soares and Carneiro (2010), plants produce a higher amount of root dry matter when inoculated with AMF, favoring their adaptation and survival in an environment under stress. In addition to improving nutritional status, AMF increase the tolerance to root diseases (Borges et al, 2007), accelerate growth, improve seedling vigor in their formation phase (Nunes et al, 2008; Soares et al, 2012), and contribute to the formation and maintenance of soil structure by aggregating soil particles by extra-radicular hyphae through exudates and residues (Folli-Pereira et al, 2012)

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