Abstract
ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may exhibit distinct behaviors when associated with the same species of host plant, being necessary to understand their ecology, in order to optimize their management and maintenance in germplasm bank. This study aimed to evaluate different AMF associated with Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf by analyzing the symbiosis establishment time, spore multiplication and production of glomalin-related soil protein. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 5 arrangement (five AMF species, non-inoculated control treatment and five evaluation times). The following aspects were analyzed: plant growth, spore multiplication, mycorrhizal colonization and glomalin production. The highest number of spores occurred for Acaulospora longula and A. colombiana, exhibiting the highest mycorrhizal colonization at 76 days. The inoculation favored the root growth of U. brizantha at 15 days of cultivation, plant height and root dry matter at 60 days and shoot dry matter at 90 days, especially for the Acaulospora species. The inoculation with A. colombiana, A. longula and Paraglomus occultum resulted in increased glomalin at 120 days. Gigaspora margarita and P. occultum did not reach the maximum colonization and spore multiplication, indicating that a period of time longer than 120 days of cultivation is necessary.
Highlights
IntroductionArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species, characterized by a functional integration of the plants with the AMF, resulting in bidirectional and simultaneous exchange of metabolites and nutrients between the microsymbiont and the host plant (Parniske 2008, Smith & Read 2008, Oehl et al 2009)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species, characterized by a functional integration of the plants with the AMF, resulting in bidirectional and simultaneous exchange of metabolites and nutrients between the microsymbiont and the host plant (Parniske 2008, Smith & Read 2008, Oehl et al 2009).These fungi occupy a vital ecological niche and play key roles for the environmental balance in native or cultivated lands (Bücking et al 2016)
Such response of different AMF associated with the same host plant species is considered common, considering that the sporulation capacity is a characteristic of each fungus species, being influenced by the host plant when relating to the compatibility and efficiency of the plant/AMF symbiotic system (Klironomos et al 2005)
Summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of most plant species, characterized by a functional integration of the plants with the AMF, resulting in bidirectional and simultaneous exchange of metabolites and nutrients between the microsymbiont and the host plant (Parniske 2008, Smith & Read 2008, Oehl et al 2009). These fungi occupy a vital ecological niche and play key roles for the environmental balance in native or cultivated lands (Bücking et al 2016).
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